Mills in the catalogue and report of the US Centennial Exhibition, Philadelphia, 1876 🌍

No. 171. WINDMILLS.

1 Eclipse Windmill Co., Beloit, Wis. - Three windmills for pumping water, grinding, etc.
2 U.S. Wind Engine & Pump Co., Batavia, Ill. - Two windmills.
3 Stover Wind Engine Co., Greencastle, Pa .- One windmill.
4 Hartford Pump Co., Hartford, Conn. - One windmill for raising water by compressed air.

677 U. S. Wind-Engine & Pump Co., Batavia, III. - Windmills for pumping water, etc. Q 23. 683

CLASS 683 .- Farm buildings .- Models and drawings of farm houses and tenements, barns, stables, hop-houses, fruit-driers, ice-houses, windmills, granaries, barracks, apiaries, cocooneries, aviaries, abattoirs, and dairies.

661c Cowder & Jones, Norristown, Pa. - Wind-mill with water-wheel. (Outside of building.) 683

203 Hecker, George V., & Co. (Croton Mills, Cherry st.), New York, N. Y. - Self-raising flour, buckwheat, griddle-cake flour, farina, and cracked wheat.
Heckers' Superlative family flours, which received the First Premium at the World's Fair, London; and the World's Fair, New York. Very popular with those desiring "fine bread and biscuit as can be produced."
Heckers' Self-raising Flour, for Bread, Biscuit, Puddings, Cakes, etc., by adding only cold water or milk. This valuable improvement, introduced in 1850, by Hecker & Brother, was awarded the only Gold Medal given for Self-Raising Flour.
Heckers' Griddie Cake Self-Raising Flour. For Griddle Cakes, Muffins, Fritters, Waffles, Doughnuts, and for any use where a batter is required. Acid used in making Heckers' Self-Raising Flour.
Heckers' Farina, a delicate and appropriate food for all seasons. Heckers' Wheaten Grits, invaluable to dyspeptic and sedentary persons.
J25. 657

197 Fell, C. J., & Bro., Philadelphia, Pa. J21.
a Gelatine. 656
b Self-raising flour. 657
198 Cereals Manufacturing Co., New York, N. Y .- Crushed wheat, flour, meal, etc. J28.
199 Lagomarsino & Cuneo, Philadelphia, Pa .- Macaroni, vermicelli, fancy paste, farina, etc. J26.
200 Outcalt, John, Spotswood, N. J .- Hominy, samp, corn flour from corn grown on Monmouth and Princeton battlefields, Graham flour, wheaten grits, etc. J26.
200a Pillsbury, Charles A., & Co., Minneapolis, Minn .- Flour. J 26.
200b Gambrill, C. A., & Co., Baltimore, Md .- Flour. J 25.
201 Tyrrell, J. F., & Co., New York, N. Y .- Oatmeal. J 27.
202 Schumacher, Ferd., Akron, Ohio .- Oatmeal, barley, farina, cracked wheat, flour, hominy, meal, feed, and grain. J26.
203 [Hecker - given above]
204 Red Wing Mills, Red Wing, Minn. -Flour. J 26.
205 Baltimore Pearl Hominy Co., Baltimore, Md .- Breakfast hominy, meal, flour, samp, etc. J 28.
205a Deener, Cissel, & Welsh, Georgetown, D. C .- Flour. I 25.
205b Pollock, James, Vincennes, Ind .- Flour. J 24.
205c Prentzel, Samuel F., Philadelphia, Pa .- Oatmeal and oatina. J 25.
206 Jewell Brothers, Brooklyn, N. Y .- Plain and self-raising flour, babies' cereal food. J 28.
206a Heaton, Edward, New Haven, Conn .- Granum. I and J 15.
206b Taylor, A. A., Toledo, Ohio .- Flour. J 24.

546 Munson Brothers, Utica, N. Y .- Wheat-flouring and corn-grinding portable mill, millstone eye, spindles, and oil-tight bush. K24. 674
555 Sedgebee & Miller, Painesville, Ohio .- Farmers' feed and corn mill. R24. 674

Great Britain

66 Lloyd, T., & Sons, London .- Flour mills, dressing machines, grinding mill, and coffee mills. 673
68 Clark & Dunham, London. a Mill stones and lubricators. 674

France

210 Fauqueux, A., La Ferte-Sous-Jouarre, Seine and Marne. - Millstones 674
213 Roger, jr., & Co., La Ferte-Sous-Jouarre, Seine and Marne. - Millstones. 674
215 Aubin & Baron, Paris. - Millstones 674
216 Bailly & Co., La Ferte-Sous-Jouarre, Seine and Marne. - Millstones. 674
217 Bertrand, J., & Co., La Ferte-Sous-Jouarre. - Millstones. 674

Corcoran, Witt, & Co., Mill Furnishers, Millwrights, and Wire Weavers, 26, 27, 28, Market Buildings, 28, Mark Lane, London, E.C., and Epernon, Eure et Loire, France. Samples of French Burr and Derbyshire Peak stones for shelling rice. French Burr millstones, for grinding wheat, corn, &c .; mill bills and handles for dressing and furrowing millstones; woven iron wire for rice cleaning, mining purposes, sieves, &c .; woven wires for papermaking, woven wire for malt kiln floors, and for corn drying; stones for shelling and whitening rice. Chrondometer, or corn weighing apparatus, to enable anyone to tell the exact weight of a bushel of corn or seeds of any kind, from a sample of a quarter of a pint to one pint, made with scales for all nations.
(965)
Exhibitors, Loudon, 1851 (Medal and Hon. Mention); Paris, 1855 (Prize Medal and two Hon. Mentions); Leicester, 1868 (Prize Medal); Moscow, 1872 (Grand Gold Medal).

Lloyd, T., & Sons, Steel Mill Makers. 327, Old Street, Shoreditch, London, E. Flour mills and dressing machines to grind and dress wheat into flour at one operation by hand, Indian corn or maize, and universal grinding mill. Coffee Mills.
(966)
Societe d'Agrieulture Boulogne-sur-Mer, 1856, 1857; Amsterdam, 1857; Vienna, 1857. (Silver Medals.)

Clarke & Dunham, Millstone and Flour Mill Machinery Factors, 69, Mark Lane, London, E.C. Millstones, chrondometers for measuring and weighing grain, and lubricators.
(967)

Kay & Hilton, Millstone and Grindstone Manufactures, Liverpool, England. One pair French burr Millstones, finest quality, for Wheat grinding. Grindstones, &c.
(968)

CLASS 683 .- MISCELLANEOUS.

Under this head were included a great variety of exhibits, more or less agricultural in their objects, but generally displaying that ingenuity of construction and adaptability of purpose for which American inventors are so justly celebrated. The section of wind-engines contained several exhibits. These powers are found of great use for pumping purposes; they vary considerably in construction, but adopt the Rosette principle, with several modifications.

UNITED STATES WIND-ENGINE & PUMP COMPANY, Batavia, Il.
This engine, which probably obtains more power, according to diameter, than any other, has sections on transverse axles; these are held straight to the wind by means of a balanced lever-weight, where the centrifugal force overcomes the weight. The sections open so as to adopt the same direction as the wind, and consequently the mill is checked. But as soon as the velocity decreases the balance-weight comes into play again. The sections catch the wind, and the result is that the mill runs steadily in a high wind, when some others have to be stopped. This is a very ingenious arrangement, and great improvements have recently been made by the use of small counterbalance weights on the sections themselves, giving the mill a greatly increased power. The disadvantage of this mill is the complication of parts, requiring more attention in oiling, and the extra cost.

ECLIPSE WIND-MILL COMPANY, Beloit, Wis.
A form of the solid Rosette wheel, which, though less powerful, has some advantages. Here an adjustable side vane, which is a patent, acts as an over-balance, and draws the sail away from the wind, but does not interfere with the efficiency in a light wind, because it must first overcome the leverage of a weighted arm, which is also adjustable. The engine can be quickly stopped by pulling down the lever, which brings the wheel-edge to wind. The turn-table travels on four friction-balls, running on a grooved surface. The table casting is in one piece with the cap or bed-plate, and has flanges on the under side to receive the head of the post. This mill is very well made, and appears a cheap and valuable invention.

E. STOVER & BROTHERS, Freeport, Ill.
These makers also use the solid Rosette. The wheel is dished inwards, and strongly braced by the felloes, which are round. Here a balance-weight is employed to keep the mill face to wind. When the force of the wind overcomes the weight, the mill is brought edge to wind. The frame is made of four pieces of timber, bolted together like a camp-stool. The turn-table sets on an anti-friction table, with sixteen cast-iron balls. This makes the mill very sensitive, and allows of a comparatively short vane being used. The vane-beam has a spring clutch acting on the crank, and stops the machine entirely if required. The shaft-casting is in two parts, with india-rubber between to compensate for wear. This is a strong mill, suitable for a farmer's purpose.

GAMMON & DEERING, Chicago, Ill.
In this engine the Rosette is in six sections, actuated by spring and leverage, which causes the fans to open. The stroke is variable, according to the force of the wind. This is effected by having the crankshaft bent, and acted upon by the spring on the Rosette standard. When the wind is strong, the crank is forced back, and the stroke is lengthened. The connecting-rod is attached to the crank by a ball-and-socket adjustment. This is an ingenious arrangement, but, as the machine was shown in Agricultural Hall, we had no opportunity of judging of its behavior in a strong wind, and therefore refrain from any opinion as to its practical utility.

131. The Eclipse Windmill Co., Beloit, Wis., U. S.

WIND ENGINE.
Report.- Commended as a thoroughly efficient, well-made engine, economical in work. We find a strong solid wheel varying in size from ten feet to sixteen feet diameter. The special claim is for a small controllable side vane, which acts as an overbalance and draws the sail away from the wind in a storm. It is prevented from acting unfavorably in a light wind, because it must first overcome the leverage of a weighted arm, which can be made adjustable by moving the weight nearer or farther from the centre. The turn-table travels on four friction balls running on a grooved surface. Table casting is made in one piece with the cap or bed plate, and has flanges on under side to receive the heads of the posts. The end of the piston-rod has a ball attachment which keeps it in place. There is no method for taking up the wear of this ball.

CORN-MILLS .- There was a considerable collection of stone and metal mills, the latter generally very meritorious, on account of the material used and the efficiency of operation. The most common forms were vertical disks, but there were several instances of conical mills.

SEDGEBEER & MILLER, Painesville, Ohio.
The Farmer's feed-mill, shown by this house, is a thoroughly useful mill. It consists of vertical disks covered with Y-shaped projections in alternate circles, ground down with emery to a fine surface. First of all is a small breaker and crusher, consisting of sections on the shaft; next a series of large teeth on the inner section. The mill works equally well in either direction.

W. L. BOYER & BROTHER, Philadelphia, Pa.
Good metal mills of conical form. The surfaces both of the mill and the concave are fluted. The edges sharpen themselves by contact; in one machine a bolting-screen is attached. By a clever arrangement the same jigger from the wheel acts on the hopper above and the screen under. The mill is easily adjusted at the ends by set-screws. The feeder's shaft has a cob-breaker, so that corn-meal can be produced without the necessity of shelling the corn. Mr. Watson also showed a corn-mill with vertical plates with the striations on the grinding surface. The feed is delivered at the centre by a screw. This is a small mill, capable of producing ten bushels an hour when driven by four horses. In a grain-crusher, by the same firm, comprising two revolving fluted rollers, a steel spring between the boxes prevents contact of the rollers when the mill is empty.

JOACKS & BEHRENS, Lubeck, Germany.
A model of a millstone with their patent aspirator; a highly valuable invention for securing a current of air between the stones and removing all moisture. The air enters from above, passes through the centre and is exhausted; the flour is forced out on the opposite side by an endless screw with a valve-mouth, so that no air may enter save by the aspirator. The flour is prevented from passing the exhauster by a number of triangular-shaped surfaces of flannel, which hang down all around and present surfaces for the flour to fall against. The case or cover in which the mill is placed consists of wood, felt, and tin inside, and being non-conducting, prevents moisture condensing, a point of great importance. Automatically the flour-catcher is vibrated, and the accumulations of flour fall down and are conveyed to the screw.

DU VIVIER & Co.
In the Aubien bolting mill-stones of this firm, the lower stone has spaces from the circumference to the centre, occupied with metal bolting-sieves, which are agitated by knockers. Bran passes through the opening between the stones, and flour is collected below. In the French department there were several exhibits of burr-stones of fine quality.

9. W. L. Boyer & Brother, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S.
UNION HORSE POWER (BURT'S PATENT) AND COMBINED METAL MILL AND BOLTING SCREEN.
Report .- The Union horse power is commended for strength, durability, and efficiency, due to the use of good materials and the peculiar arrangement of the running gear. The driving gear wheel is placed directly under the motive power, and is large enough to cog into the chain links both above and below: thus is secured a double leverage with direct action, and so the connecting pivots of the chain are relieved from all strain and friction whilst passing the end track. Power can be applied at a less acute angle, consequently wear and tear of the horse is reduced. Multiplying gearing is employed to get up speed. The combined metal mill and bolting screen is commended for strength and durability of wearing parts, for efficient operation, and suitability either for grain or Indian corn. This is a conical mill, working horizontally, with fluted sections; concave has also raised surfaces. Edges sharpened by contact; material cast steel; for clever jigger from wheel, which agitates hopper and screen. The mill is adjustable at the end by set-screws. A separate opening in the box allows of the cobs coming in contact with a breaker, a cast bush with convex teeth keyed on to the shaft. Bolting cloth can be applied or not, as required.

88. I. Sedgebeer & Miller, Painesville, Ohio, U. S.
NONPAREIL FARMERS' FEED AND CORN MILL.
Report .- Commended for the peculiar construction of the metal grinding surfaces, which consist of a series of Y-shaped projections, flat and smooth on the face, so that contact does not injure the mill. The mill comprises first a small breaking machine, which reduces the grain and prepares it for the vertical disk wheels, which are made of gray iron and covered with Y-shaped projections in alternate sections, which can be ground down by emery to a fine surface. These plates can be cheaply renewed. The mill is run at about eight hundred to two thousand revolutions a minute, and works equally well reversed.

An ingenious arrangement was exhibited by the Hartford Pump Company, in which a windmill is made to work an air-pump of such construction as to cause a continuous flow of water from a brook or other supply. It is applicable to those places where wind-power can be obtained on high ground, near to a brook or well at a low level.