The website of Ted Hazen and Pond Lily Mill Restorations 🌍

Ted Hazen in front of an unidentified waterwheel, undated
from a post on his obituary site by his daughter, Jessicah Hazen

Starting in 1996, Ted Hazen had a website presence, making his wealth of mill related knowledge and material available to a wide audience. The final home for this material was the website Theodore R. Hazen & Pond Lily Mill Restorations. As this was hosted at Angelfire, it stayed online even after Ted Hazen died in 2013, but was unmaintained, and in 2026, Angelfire shut down so the material disappeared.

This page is an effort to make some of that material more easily accessible again. It has been created based on data retrieved from the Internet Archive, and my own archives of the site. I have reformatted and occasionally modified things to fix obvious errors.

According to images on the site, the website was also "available as a CD-Rom". I don't know when this was produced, nor how it was distributed. Like many websites, the material was forever expanding, so I don't know what snapshot may have been captured in CD-ROM versions.

The site used Google to provide the search function, a perfectly valid choice since the pages were static.

Where the material was hosted

Original Web Site Design Credits April 1996.
Concept, Text, Photos, Drawings: T. R. Hazen
Design, Editing: A. L. Stallsmith, Hydraulic Engineer
Graphics Imaging: Thomas S. Hohing Graphics, Graphic Artist and T. R. Hazen, Graphic Artist

Amongst the sub-websites were the following

• Angelfire: Journal/PondLilyMill
• Angelfire: Journal/MillRestoration Described as "Dedicated to My Son Jedadiah Elias Hazen"
• Angelfire: Journal/MillBuilder Described as "Dedicated to My Daughter Jassicah Elizabeth Hazen"
• Angelfire: Folk/Molinologist Described as "The Web Site for William F. Fosha, owner of the Diller-Heishman's Mill. And Dedicated to the Memory of the Late Charles Howell, Emily Barton McGuire & Donald C. Wisensale, Father of Mill Restoration of the Fitz Water Wheel Company."

Material from the website

• Our Mission Statement
• Rights and Reproductions of Material found in this Web Site.
• Information and Services Available From Pond Lily Mill Restorations.
  • Wanted Full-Time Permanent Miller-Interpreter-Mill Manager Position Experienced Miller-Interpreter, Mill & Museum Manager, Millwright, Milling Consultant, Historical Molinologist, & Millstone Dresser. Willing to relocate to your area.
  • Letters of Reference
  • The Milling Experiences of My Life
  • Various Background Work Related Skills of Theodore R. Hazen.
  • Need a Speaker? A Lecturer, or an Interpreter on any Subject, for School Groups, to Highly Technical Matter. A Traditional Artisan, Craftsman to Demonstrate Milling, Mill Maintenance, Millstone Dressing, and other Trades?
  • Theodore R. Hazen, Pond Lily Mill Restorations & General Overview.
  • Folklore Workshop: West Virginia Grist Mills.
  • Mills and Their Interpretation, Preservation Conference, Partnerships Conference XXX.
  • 16 Reasons to Use Theodore R. Hazen & Pond Lily Mill Restorations.
• Why Mills?
• Chills, Thrills, and Mills, Reviews of this Web Site.
• Pond Lily Mill Restorations Home Page Mail Bag.
• Bookmark This Site Because.

• Introduction to Old Mills & Mill Restoration
  • What is Historic Preservation? Leaving it in a better state than when it came to us.
  • Mill Restoration Principles, Basic principles and guidelines for restoration
  • Basic Principles for the Restoration of Old Mills
  • The Techniques Employed in Mill Restoration - Standards and Guidelines for Historical Buildings, and the Odds & Ends of Historic Mill Preservation
  • The Preservation of Historic Mills, Preservation in Brief
  • Example #1 Pennsylvania Historic Resource Survey Form, Diller-Heishman's Mill, Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
  • Conodquinet School of Mill Architecture, Diller-Heishman's Mill, further Reflections and Information
  • Technology of Merit (System of Merit)
  • Example of Photographic Documentation of a Mill, Black & White Photos of the Machinery of Diller-Heishman's Mill, Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
  • The Case Study: Heishman's Mill Dam, Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
  • Going with the Flow, Historic dams are being razed or altered to allow fish to spawn. Is there another way? Dam Time, Free the water but respect the past,
  • Example #2 National Register Nomination, Peirce Mill, Washington D.C.
  • Architectural Analysis of Peirce Mill and Argyle Mill. Two Mills a Half a Mile apart, and Built by the same Millwright Isaac Pearce.
  • Example #3 National Register Nomination, Thresher Mill, Barnet, Vermont.
  • Possible Funding Resources, Writing Guide for Different Guidelines and Methods.
    * Form 1023 Application for Recognition of Exemption Under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code
    1. Elements of a Grant Proposal.
    2. Proposal Writing- A Practical Guide for Writing Proposals.
    3. A Basic Guide Writing Guide for Proposal Development.
    4. The Guide Resource for not-for-profit, charitable and educational organizations.
• The History of Flour Milling in Early America.
  • Basic Elements of a Mill that makes a Mill look like a Mill.
  • Comparison of British and American Mills in the 1780's and 1790's.
  • Flour Milling in America, A General Overview.
  • Milling Design in North America.
  • The Mill of Roadside America.
  • Report on Mills and Millers.
• The Automation of Flour Milling in America, Part 1.
  • The Automation of Flour Milling in America, Part 2.
  • Technology in America, Another Look at an Oliver Evans' Mill
  • Production After Automation.
  • The Hopper-boy of Oliver Evans.
  • A Cross Section of a Typical Oliver Evans Mill
  • The Same Typical Oliver Evans Mill Shown in Side Cross Section.
  • Schematic Layout of a Typical Oliver Evans Mill
  • The Best Example of an Oliver Evans' Mill in North America.
  • Oliver Evans & Peirce Mill, Unofficial Oliver Evans' National Historic Site.
  • Problems with Interpretation of Oliver Evans' "The Young Mill-Wright & Miller's Guide."
  • The Authorship of "The Millwright's Guide." Who really authored "The Mill-Wright's Guide," portion of "The Young Mill-Wright and Miller's Guide," by Oliver Evans, 1795? Thomas "Ellicott Mill" or John Colbrook "Bury Mill." You be the judge.
  • Model of an Oliver Evans Automated Flour Mill
  • Reference Works on Oliver Evans
• Millstone Dressing Tools
  • Millstone Dressing
  • The Art of the Millstones, How They Work
  • Images of the Millstone Dresser.
  • More Images of the Millstone Dresser
  • More Images of the Millstone Dresser
  • Image of a Japanese Millstone Dresser
  • Millstone Dressing, An Interpretive Program
  • Millstones Don't You Just Love Them!
  • The Hand-Mill, Scottish Women Grinding Meal
• The Technology of Mills, of Winds, Waters, and Tides.
  • Low Tech: The Workings of a Tub Mill
  • The Tub Mill in the Evolution of the Modern Water Turbine
  • Boat Mills or Floating Mills: No Dams, No Fuss, No Muss!
  • Tidal Powered Mills: The Most Dependable Natural Mill Power
  • The Windmill and the Master Wind-Miller: Putting the Wind to Work, and the High Craft of Milling, Millering, and Mill-Wrighting
• Artifacts Found in Early American Mills, making it look more like a real mill.
  • Bottle Weights, as used in regulating grinding with millstones
  • The Miller's Office, the most important item in mill interpretation
  • Curatorial Items Found in an Average Grist Mill Circa 1840-70
  • Another Look at Mill Artifacts, was some of these items really used in an Old Mill
  • Interior Views of Mills Circa 1850-70
  • Automated Flour Milling Evolves into New Process Milling 1820-60
  • New Process Milling of 1850-70
  • More Interior Views of Mills Circa 1850-70
  • More Interior Views of Mills Circa 1850-70, the Return of the Mill Machine
  • When Photographs Change the Historical Record
• A History of the Fitz Water Wheel Company, Hanover, Pennsylvania.
  • The Fitz Water Wheel Company's Restoration of Peirce Mill, Part 1
  • The Fitz Water Wheel Company's Restoration of Peirce Mill, Part 2
  • The Fitz Water Wheel Company's Other Mill Restorations
  • Remembering Donald C. Wisensale, (1911-2002) the Father of Mill Restoration. He worked for the Fitz Water Wheel Company from 1926 to 1967.
    (1) The Fitz Water Wheel Company's Last Historical Restoration, The Restoration of the William Robertson's Wind Mill.
    (2) The Fitz Water Wheel Company's Archival Records.
    (3) The Campbell Water Wheel Company's Archival Records.
  • Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the Fitz Water Wheel Company, but Were Afraid to Ask, or Did Not Know.
  • The Flour Mill Machinery Company Owner, and His Three Sons: A History of the Wolf Company, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
• A Miller's Tale: A Day in the Life of a Miller.
  • Mill-Speak: "Sayings" from the Mill.
  • Mill Stories and Fairy Tales: The Miller's Daughter to Puss-in-Boots.
  • Mill Folklore: "History or Hearsay."
  • The Miller in Children's Literature.
  • The Brownie and the Fincastle Mill.
  • The Miller and the Vampire, Folklore from Austria-Hungary.
  • The Miller in the Canterbury Tales, for mature readers only.
  • The Miller, from the Panorama of Professions and Trades; or Every Man's Book, by Edward Hazen.
  • So You want a to be a Miller?
  • The Duty of the Miller, 3 different historical versions.
  • Is the Miller a Craftsman?
  • Period Appropriate Historic Miller's Clothing.
  • How & Why I Became a Miller, The Millers' Review, December 1920.
  • Mossy Mills, Mossy Machines, Mossy-Back Millers, and Mossy Flour of the Eastern Mills.
  • Images of Historical Millers.
  • More Images of Historical Millers, some millers of Peirce Mill.
  • More Images of Historical Millers.
  • More Images of Historical Millers, some burr stone millers.
  • More Images of Historical Millers, from old historical photos.
  • More Images of Historical Millers, from old historical photos.
  • At the Mill's Door: The Miller's Wife.
  • At the Peirce Mill's Door: The Miller's Wife, and a Fairy Tale.
  • Position Description for a Mill Operator in an Historical Mill.
  • A Short Course in How to be an Historic Miller-Mill Operator.
  • Zen & the Art of Milling.
  • Miller Loses Windmill, An Antique Art Print Engraving.
  • Flour Bolting (Sifting) and Bolting Cloth.
  • Flour & Meal Products from Historic Mills.
  • Recommended Health Practices for the Operation of Historic Grist Mills.
  • Rodent Control: Value of a Good Mill Cat.
• Interpretation for Old Mills and Historic Places.
  • Living History Interpretation.
  • Interpretation for Old Mills, Effective Interpretive Programs to make the "same old grind" come alive again. (part 1).
  • Supplement to the Interpretation of Old Mills. (part 2).
  • Addition to the Interpretation of Old Mills. (part 3).
  • Addendum One: Footnotes on Living History Interpretation. (part 4).
  • Addendum Two: Selected Readings on Living History Interpretation (part 5).
  • Interpretation for Old Mills, Effective Interpretive Programs to make the "same old grind" come alive again. (text only; no images or links; print version; 198k).
  • First Person Interpretation for Old Mills. (part 1).
  • Addendum One: Footnotes on First Person Interpretation for Old Mills (part 2).
  • Addendum Two: Books of Interest to First Person Interpreters Working in Old Mills (part 3).
  • Interpretive Master Plan (IMP), it sounds painful, but it is not.
  • Interpretative Methods for Understanding the Past.
  • Examples of Lesson Plans for Historical Mills.
  • Examples of a Lesson Plans for a German Bank Barn Circa 1800.
  • Example of a Lesson Plan for the Blacksmith Shop.
  • Example of a Lesson Plan for Rope Making.
  • Interpretation of Pierce Mill by the Miller, first version program.
  • Oliver Evans and Peirce Mill, The Unofficial Oliver Evans' National Historic Site, second version of the same program.
  • First Documented Case of an Elementary School Field-Trip to a Flour Mill, 1905-06.
  • An Example of a Mill Field Trip Activity (Pre-Tour) Package.
• A Mill-Wright Miscellany, or Mills & the Trades Necessary for their Construction, Repair & Operation 200 years ago.
• Remembering Paul Roth, Master Miller, Millwright & Millstone Dresser.
• A Personal Tribute to Charles Howell, Master Miller, Millwright & Millstone Dresser.
  • Millstones, An Introduction, Notes by Charles Howell, 1978.
• A Personal Remembrance of the Lady Miller: E. Barton McGuire.
  • Restoration of a 1644 Grist Mill, by E. Barton McGuire.
• A Personal Remembrance of John Blake Campbell, Hydraulic Engineer, Millwright.
  • Wherever Water Blooms, an article about John Blake Campbell.
• Historically: How to Site a Mill.
  • The Hydraulic System, just getting the Water to turn the Mill Wheel: Mill Dams, Millponds, Mill Races and Sluice Boxes. Traditionally the most expensive part of any new mill construction or restoration.
  • Mill Dams just trying to Survive in Today's World, fish ladders versus the federally funded E. P.A. dam removal program. They have removed "25 mill dams" to date in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, alone.
  • A Mill on a Stream is Part of an Organic Process.
  • Going with the Flow, Historic dams are being razed or altered to allow fish to spawn. Is there another way? Dam Time, Free the water but respect the past.
  • Quandary on Dams: History vs. Nature. Removing or saving the barriers is workshop focus.
  • Reference Works for Mill Dams and Water Power.
• Readings from the Miller's Bookshelf, Chapters from Reference Books & Trade Journals. 20 Titles, and more to come! These are different from what is listed below. Check it out!
  • Milling Highlights & Oddities, from the pages of "American Miller" magazine.
  • The Green Apprentice, (For Millstone), 1898.
  • The Origin of Pumpernickel, according to National Miller Magazine.
  • "Crazy as a Loon" said the Boys at the Mill about Oliver Evans.
  • Old Millstones, First Paper.
  • Millstones and Their Varied Usage, Second Pager.
  • Millstones: Terms, The Roller Mill & Silo Manual, Liverpool, 1921.
  • Editorials by Millers: Making a Head Miller, from "National Miller."
  • Echoes: Abraham Lincoln the Miller, from an old milling journal.
  • Experience with Overshot, Undershot and Pitchback Water Wheels.
  • Foreign Material Control in Flour and Grist Mills, a National Park Service document, circa 1970.
  • Sanitation Criteria for Historic or Living History Demonstrations Producing Food or Food Products, a National Park Service document, circa 1970.
  • Rules to Prevent Dust Explosions, The Consolidated Grain Milling Catalogs, Edition Number 2, 1929-30, "Machinery, Equipment, Supplies, Construction, Etc., for Flour, Feed and Cereal Mills, Flour Warehouses and Grain Elevators," National Miller, Chicago, Illinois, 1929.
  • Manufacture of Flour, The Great Industries of the United States, 1872.
  • Toll, or The Miller's Compensation for Making Flour, 1890.
  • The Miller and His Tolls, 1904.
  • Museum of Milling History, General Mills, 1945.
  • The Mystery of the Mill, by Vrest Orton, 1951.
  • Description of an Early American Mill as Found in Central Pennsylvania, by Dr. W. B. Bigler, November 1909.
  • Mill Construction, Modern Miller, 1898.
  • Little Old Mills, by Marion Nicholl Rawson, 1935.
  • Comparisions of American and British Milling, The Millers Review and Feed Forum, November 1932.
• Ed & Fred's Bookmarks!
  • Origins of Ed & Fred.
  • F.A. Drake's Mill, near Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania.
  • How the Roller Mill Changed the Milling Industry.
• Graves Mill Then & Now, Lynchburg, Virginia.
• Esom Slone's Grist Mill, Virginia's Explore Park, Roanoke, Virginia.
  • History of Esom Slone's Grist Mill, Part 1.
  • History of Esom Slone's Grist Mill, Part 2.
  • Slone's Grist Mill Update: 2000 (a 20 foot diamater wooden water wheel):
  • A Sectional Model of Slone's Grist Mill's New Water Wheel.
  • Franklin County's History comes alive with Water Wheel at Explore Park.
  • A Retrospective of Slone's Mill, a photo essay of Slone's Mill.
• Dellinger Grist Mill on Cane Creek, Bakersville, North Carolina.
• Ted Hazen Looks at the Barnitz Mill, Mount Holly Springs, Pennsylvania.
  • Historic Mill Restoration, the Students of Dickinson College look at Barnitz Mill.
• A Guide to Old Mills and Mill Restorations:
  • Classical Milling Illustrations.
  • Old Mills Album, Color Photos, page number 1.
  • Old Mills Album, Black & White Photos, page number 2.
  • An Information Technology Reading List.
  • Milling Books Exchange (books, videos for sale & trade):
  • A List of Mill Parts Suppliers for Flour Mill Machinery.
  • A Glossary of Mill Terms, A Basic List of Mill Terms.
• How to Construct a Traditional Wooden Water Wheel and much more!
  • A History of the Water Wheel.
  • Types of Vertical Water Wheels.
  • Efficiency of Different Water Wheels Types.
  • The Parts of Traditional Wooden Water Wheel.
  • A Glossary of Water Wheel Terms.
  • Sizing up a Water Wheel.
  • Example of a Materials List for the Construction of a Wooden Sluice and Water Wheel.
  • The Construction of a Wooden Water Wheel.
  • The Operation and Maintenance of a Traditional Wooden Water Wheel.
• The Water Wheel Albums: The Good, the Bad, and the Incorrect.
  • The Water Wheel Album: Page One- The Poncelet's Wheel.
  • The Water Wheel Album: Page Two- The H. J. Gulden's Water Wheel.
  • The Water Wheel Album: Page Three- The Henry Burden Water Wheel.
  • The Water Wheel Album: Page Four- The Laxey Water Wheel.
  • The Water Wheel Album: Page Five- The Noria Water Wheels.
  • The Water Wheel Album: Page Six- The Fitz I-X-L Steel Overshoot Water Wheels.
  • The Water Wheel Album: Page Seven- Water Wheel Miscellany.
  • The Water Wheel Album: Page Eight- The Campbell Water Wheels.
  • The Water Wheel Album: Page Nine- I-X-L Steel Overshoot Water Wheel large ad.
  • The Water Wheel Album: Page Ten- The Kennedy Mine Tailing Wheels.
  • The Water Wheel Album: Page Eleven - The Fairwater Fitz Water Wheel.
  • The Water Wheel Album: Page Twelve - The Berry College Water Wheel.
  • The Water Wheel Album: Page Thirteen- More Water Wheel Miscellany.
• More to Come: Mill Plans, How to Construct Mill Gears, Teeth and Cogs, etc.

Further Educational and Research Resources

• Mill : The History and Future of Naturally Powered Buildings, by David Larkin, Paul Rocheleau (Photographer). The counterpart to Barn: The Art of a Working Building. Theodore R. Hazen and Pond Lily Mill Restorations mentioned and quoted in this book!
• The Woodson`s Mill Documentary, Woodson's Mill, Lowesville, Virginia. Film video reviewed by Theodore R. Hazen.
• Links to Mill Societies and Mill Related Sites: Lots of New Topics and Links!!!
  • Links to Mill Societies: SPOOM, T.I.M.S., T.I.M.S.-America, S.I.A., S.P.A.B., The Mills Research Group, North East Mills Group, and Association of Operative Millers.
  • Links to Other Mill Related Sites: Water Power, Water Wheels, Fitz Water Wheels,
    Water Power & Mills, Wind Power & Windmills, Tidal Power, Oliver Evans and His Machinery, Regional Mills and Milling, Educational Sites, Research Sites, Suppliers Online, Milling Books Online, Mill Models, and Just Photographs of Old Mills.
  • Links to Mill Sites. Mills in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the Rest of the World.
• The Milling Web, mill backgrounds, buttons, boarders, icons, and images to create your own mill - water power web site. These are images that I have collected but have not used on my own web site. Coming Soon!

Articles and Images Found in this Site

• Pond Lily Mill Restorations Site Index: A complete index with links to all pages and images of this web site (doing my best to keep these pages up to date).
  • Pond Lily Mill Restorations Index by Text Titles. (A-Z)
  • Pond Lily Mill Restorations Index by Title of Images. (A-D) Credit Lines.
  • Pond Lily Mill Restorations Index by Title of Images. (E-L) Credit Lines.
  • Pond Lily Mill Restorations Index by Title of Images. (M-P) Credit Lines.
  • Pond Lily Mill Restorations Index by Title of Images. (Q-Z) Credit Lines.
  • Pond Lily Mill Restorations Site Map. A road map (atlas) of this site. (NEW)